Biodegradability
Biodegradability is the capacity of an organic substance to be broken down by a biological process (bacterial action) into smaller molecules (e.g. mineral salts, carbon dioxide, etc.).
This parameter is key in assessing the environmental impact of a chemical or product.
The biodegradability of a chemical can be deas :
Purpose :
Determine whether a substance has intrinsic biodegradation potential, even if slower.
These tests are cheaper and less stringent than readily biodegradable tests. They are generally used as screening tests.
If test is passed the substance is considered "inherently biodegradable" (but not equivalent to ready biodegradable).
Main guidelines :
OECD 302 A/B/C
Key characteristics :
higher biomass concentration
adapted inoculum possible
longer durationday duration
Purpose :
Identify substances that biodegrade rapidly and completely (ultimate mineralization) under stringent conditions. Such substances are considered environmentally friendly and can be safely used.
A chemicals is considered readily biodegradable when it passess stringent test criteria. Such classification defines substances which break down quickly and easily into a short period of time.
Main guidelines :
OECD 301 series (A-F)
OECD 310
Key characteristics :
28-day duration
low inoculum (non-adapted microorganisms)
strict pass criteria (e.g. >60% ThOD)
10-day window criteria
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